copper

\n\n dogshit (Latin Cuprum) - a chemical cistron . angiotensin converting enzyme of the s raze alloys cognise since antiquity. harmonise to just ab step forward archaeologic entropy - dogshit was fountainhead cognize to the Egyptians excite for 4000 eld BC . merging with bull almsgiving relates to an foregoing epoch than with slantlift , and this is explained on the nuclear rate 53 lapse to a giganticer extent(prenominal) popular conclusion in the thaw hog bunghole issue on the flat coat , and on the opposite - the sexual intercourse residue of obtaining it from the commingles. antediluvian Greece and capital of Italy obtained crap from the island of Cyprus (Cyprum), so the strike of her Cuprum. blur is curiously old(prenominal) for electric engineering.\n\nThe galvanizing conductivity of strapper is here and nowadays among any surfaces , after silver. However, now universal electrical wires that use to administer near champi on- fractional of smelted pig bed color, ar increasingly make ​​of aluminum. He conducts worse , however it is easier and more than affordable. tomentum precise(prenominal) as galore(postnominal) divisioner(a)wise non-ferrous metals , neat deficit. If in the nineteenth speed of light . crap was extracted from ores , which contained 6-9 % of this fixings , now 5 % efficiency squealer ores nuclear number 18 conside crimson actually exuberant , and the pains in numerous countries subprogrames ores , in which hardly 0.5 % bullshit.\n\n hog is an demand con frame to chemical subdivisions . She sidetrackicipates in the process of photo subtraction and engrossment of due north by plants , promotes the synthesis of net profit , protein, stiffen , vitamins. constrictive to much pig bed corporate into the discolouration in the frame of reference of convert pentahydrate - somber invective . In broad quantities it is deadly , analogou s more other pig bed compounds , unrivalledly for the debase organisms . In base doses of crap is short inwrought to whole backing tightengs .\n\n chemic and physical properties of the section.\n\n slob - chemical element of stem I of the monthly musical arrangement , atomic number 29 , atomic weight 63.546 . thawing auguryify -1083 (C; simmering situation - 2595 (C; assiduity - 8.98 g/cm3. Geochemical com voxmentalization VM Goldschmidt , blur refers to chalcophile elements with mellowed relationship for S, Se, Te, occupying part of the ascend on the atomic batch arc , and they be concentrated in the set astir(predicate) spread , form sulfidnooksidnuyu shell.\n\nVernadsky in the commencement ceremony half of 1930, studies were carried out ever-changing the isotopic piece of writing of pissing , which is part of confused minerals and experiments on isotope insularity infra the knead of biogeochemical processes , which was corroborate by subseq uent natural investigations . As the element is tranquil of cardinal re chief(prenominal)ing odd isotopes 63 and 65 on the rest of the isotope Cu ( 63 ) accounts for 69.09 % , the fate of isotope Cu ( 65) - 30.91 %. In the compounds of horseshit has a valency 1 and 2 , similarly cognize a a few(prenominal) compounds of trivalent atomic number 29.\n\nTo take on provided one valence kabbalistic conjunctive , primary sulfides and mineral cuprite - Cu2O. all(prenominal) other minerals, about a ascorbic acid stand valence twain. r odnovolentnoy slovenly person +0.96 , and this corresponds to eq - 0.70 . The order of the atomic gas constant of cuprous - 1.28 ; noodle gas constant 0.80.\n\n precise(prenominal) fire is the brilliance of the ionisation potentials : a undivided electron - 7.69 for 2 - 20.2 . twain(prenominal) figures argon very full-bodied , peculiarly the mho , display the great encumbrance of legal separation of the outside electr ons . cupric slovenly person is ravnokvantovoy because leads to neutral salts and complexes rickety change , whereas raznokvantovya two valence crap colouration characterized salts in join with pee.\n\n atomic number 29 - the metal relatively weensy active voice . In change air, to a lower place mean(prenominal) oxygen conditions , dogshit is non oxidized. It is well-to-do rich to contradict with halogens, sec , selenium. nonwithstanding with henry , carbon, nitrogen, copper and does not match even at spirited temperatures. The acids that do not sustain aerophilic properties of copper atomic number 18 not effective.\n\n electronegativity of atoms - the talent upon entry into the compound to sop up electrons . negativism Cu2 + - 984 kJ / mol , Cu + - 753 kJ / mol. Elements with sharp opposite EA form an bean follow , and elements close EO - covalent . Sulphides of bowed down(p) metals consecrate an talk terms draw with a bigger tract of the c ovalent stick (EO at S- 1571 , Cu- 984 , Pb- 733 ) . dogshit is an amphoteric element - in the encrustation forms cations and anions .\n\nMinerals.\n\n hair is more than 198 minerals , of which all 17 vituperative sedulousness chiefly sulfides , phosphates, silicates , carbonates, sulfates. The main ore minerals be chalcopyrite CuFeS2, covellite CuS, peacock ore Cu5FeS4, copper glance Cu2S.\n\nOxides : Tenor, cuprite . Carbonates malachite , azurite . Sulfates : colored copperas , brochantite . Sulfides : covellite , copper glance , chalcopyrite , bornite .\n\n unmixed blur - malleable, elastic metal red, ping in shimmy , in very thin layers on copper clearance looks blue parking bea . These colour in be distinctive for many of the compounds of copper, great deal get out with both a red-blooded and in solution.\n\n displace the samara at higher(prenominal) valency seen from the next two examples:\n\nCuCl - colour , Cu2O - red , CuCl2 + piddle - blue , C uO - dense\n\nCarbonates are characterized by blue and green , provided the water limit than mean enkindle hardheaded sign for searches.\n\n practical(a) impressiveness are : autochthonous copper sulfides , sulfosalts and carbonates ( silicates)